Jaipur: Centuries-old murals at Amer Fort are undergoing scientific conservation after restoration attempts in 2008 and 2017 allegedly damaged the original artwork. The 2.5-year project is using ultraviolet and infrared imaging, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis and chemical tests to identify original pigments and remove unsuitable layers applied during earlier repairs.The project, which began in June, is being undertaken by a seven-member team from Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts (IGNCA), in coordination with the state archaeology department and Amer Development and Management Authority (ADMA). The techniques are being used for the first time for mural conservation at palaces under the state archaeology department, according to the project team.An ADMA engineer said the materials used during the 2017 restoration did not meet the required standards, contributing to damage to the paintings.“The material and colours used during earlier conservation work are now harming the surface of the walls,” said Kirtipal Singh Parmar, project manager.The team is also investigating the causes of deterioration. Parmar said, “Damage to the Bhojanshala’s roof and water seepage through the ceiling had contributed to the paintings’ decline. Moisture has caused surfaces to yellow, while plaster and paint layers are peeling off in several places.”The murals depict religious and mythological themes associated with Ayodhya, Kashi, Mathura and Vrindavan. Executed using the traditional Araish technique on wet plaster, they reflect the artistic patronage of the Kachwaha rulers, including Sawai Jai Singh II. The Bhojanshala also houses unfinished panels depicting the 24 avatars of Vishnu.Conservators are using multispectral imaging to examine the paintings under normal, ultraviolet and infrared light, revealing extensive earlier retouching that is difficult to detect with the naked eye. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis is helping identify the chemical composition of pigments and binding materials before cleaning methods are finalised.“The level of damage varies, and some of it is due to weather, seepage and retouching. We are using chemicals only in very small concentrations to ensure that the original paint layer is not damaged,” a team member said.Estimated at Rs 2.32 crore, the project forms part of a larger Rs 50-crore conservation plan for Amer Fort. Its first phase covers four locations: Singh Pol, Ganesh Pol, Man Singh Palace and the Bhojanshala.
