Bengaluru: Don’t remove the mask yet as Deepavali aftereffects will linger in the air for more days. Firecracker emissions and fine particulate matter will continue to affect air quality, putting those with respiratory complaints at higher risk.Firecrackers release pollutants such as PM2.5, PM10, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide. Inhalation of pollutants can irritate the respiratory tract and lead to coughing, sneezing, throat irritation, chest tightness and breathlessness.“People with lung diseases such as asthma, COPD and pulmonary fibrosis are particularly vulnerable. The larger influx of patients is likely towards the latter part of this week,” said Dr Ravindra Mehta, founder and director, Vaayu Chest & Sleep Specialists.Doctors said falling temperatures could compound the effects of pollution. They said cooler, denser air settling beneath warmer air layers can lead to temperature inversion, trapping firecracker smoke, vehicular emissions and dust closer to the ground. Cold air can also irritate and narrow the airways, triggering bronchospasm and worsening breathing difficulties.“Under normal conditions, the airways are protected by a mucus layer and microscopic hair-like structures called cilia, which trap dust and other toxic particles. Pollution can damage these structures. Cold air further irritates the airways and increases their sensitivity, affecting immunity,” said Dr Pavan Yadav M V, clinical director and senior consultant, interventional pulmonology and sleep medicine, KIMS Hospitals, Electronics City.cold air drying out protective nasal mucus and people spending more time indoors could increase susceptibility to respiratory infections. Minor colds can potentially progress into severe bronchitis or pneumonia,” said Dr Ravivarma A, consultant pulmonologist, Prakriya Hospitals.Dr Mehta also pointed to the unusually high incidence of viral infections this season, including H1N1 influenza and, to some extent, Covid. “We now have multiple risk factors coming together — dipping temperatures, high pollution levels and infections,” he said.Doctors advised people to seek medical attention if cough, wheezing or breathlessness persists or worsens. Severe breathlessness, persistent chest pain, bluish lips or difficulty speaking due to breathing problems warrant urgent medical attention.Precautions To Protect Your Lungs* Wear N95 mask; avoid outdoor activities early mornings, late evenings* Use indoor air purifiers* Seek medical attention if cough, wheezing or breathlessness persists or worsens
