Guwahati: Scientists have discovered two previously unknown subterranean fish species in wells in Goalpara district, highlighting Assam’s little-explored underground biodiversity and the need to protect groundwater ecosystems.The newly described species are Gitchak nakana and Rakthamichthys anchi. Both inhabit underground groundwater environments. While Gitchak nakana is a tiny, blind loach measuring around 2 cm, Rakthamichthys anchi is a slender, transparent, eel-like fish belonging to the swamp eel family.The transparent body of Gitchak nakana gives it a reddish appearance, as its blood and internal organs are visible through its skin. Researchers said the discovery offers valuable insights into how aquatic life adapts to environments with little or no light.Local observations played a key role in documenting the species. The first specimen of Gitchak nakana was collected in 2021 after researcher Wimarithy K Marak noticed an unusual creature in a well and shared its photograph with her supervisor. In 2024, another subterranean fish was found by a relative while cleaning a well, leading to a further discovery.The research was carried out in collaboration with international scientists and involved the use of micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scanning to examine the specimens in detail.The findings have also raised concerns about the vulnerability of underground habitats. Pollution entering groundwater systems could threaten species whose ecology remains poorly understood. Researchers have withheld the precise collection locations to prevent potential exploitation.Environment and forest minister Jayanta Mallah Baruah, taking to X, stated on Wednesday, “Our biodiversity extends far beyond the forests, rivers and wetlands we can see.”“Beneath Assam’s soil lies a remarkable natural world that science is only beginning to understand. By strengthening research, keeping groundwater clean and encouraging communities to report unusual wildlife discoveries, we can protect these hidden ecosystems and preserve our natural heritage for generations to come,” he added.The discovery underscores the importance of documenting Assam’s biodiversity beyond its visible forests, rivers and wetlands, while encouraging local communities to report unusual wildlife sightings to researchers.
